{"id":3965,"date":"2019-12-08T08:04:03","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T08:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/integraliah.com\/?p=3965"},"modified":"2026-07-25T07:20:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T07:20:33","slug":"five-israeli-women-that-shaped-the-face-of-our-country","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/integraliah.com\/fr\/five-israeli-women-that-shaped-the-face-of-our-country\/","title":{"rendered":"Cinq femmes isra\u00e9liennes qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 le visage de notre pays"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chez Integraliah, notre objectif est de vous permettre de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/integraliah.com\/fr\/finally-speak-hebrew\/\">apprendre l\u2019h\u00e9breu<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/integraliah.com\/fr\/finally-speak-hebrew\/\"> tout en vous connectant \u00e0 la culture isra\u00e9lienne<\/a>. \u00c0 l'occasion du 31e anniversaire de la disparition de Golda Meir, nous souhaitons vous offrir un aper\u00e7u de ce que vous apprendrez dans notre <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Yqvrr0\">H\u00e9breu<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Yqvrr0\"> <\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2Yqvrr0\">cours<\/a>. <\/strong>Nous vous invitons \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir l'histoire de cinq femmes isra\u00e9liennes exceptionnelles \u2013 chacune d'entre elles a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans la construction et le fa\u00e7onnement de notre Nation !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#1 <strong>Le combat d'Alice Miller pour les femmes au sein de Tsahal<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vingt ans se sont \u00e9coul\u00e9s depuis qu'Alice Miller a bris\u00e9 le \u201c mur du genre \u201d en saisissant la Cour supr\u00eame isra\u00e9lienne pour faire valoir son droit \u00e0 devenir pilote dans l'arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense et l'Arm\u00e9e ont initialement refus\u00e9 de donner une suite favorable \u00e0 la demande d'Alice. Sur quoi ce refus \u00e9tait-il bas\u00e9 ? \u201c Non pas parce qu'elle est une femme \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de division Herzl Bodinger, commandant de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, \u201c mais parce que la dur\u00e9e de service pr\u00e9vue et les fonctions de r\u00e9serviste sont incompatibles. \u201d Les tribunaux ont finalement donn\u00e9 raison \u00e0 Alice, affirmant que \u201c fermer le cours d'aviation aux femmes viole leur dignit\u00e9 et les d\u00e9grade. \u201d Alice n'a finalement pas pu devenir pilote en raison de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9, mais son combat a jet\u00e9 les bases de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes au sein de Tsahal et a abouti \u00e0 l'ouverture de postes de combat et d'autres r\u00f4les auparavant r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux hommes aux femmes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les femmes repr\u00e9sentent d\u00e9sormais 34 % de tous les soldats de Tsahal et occupent une multitude de r\u00f4les de leadership dans l'Arm\u00e9e de terre, la Marine et l'Arm\u00e9e de l'air, y compris dans les unit\u00e9s de combat. Actuellement, 88 % de tous les postes de Tsahal sont ouverts aux candidates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#2 <strong>Adina Bar Shalom r\u00e9volutionne le monde ultra-orthodoxe !<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e9e en 1945 \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem, Adina Bar Shalom a grandi en \u00c9gypte o\u00f9 son p\u00e8re, le Rav Ovadia Yosef \u2013 qui n'\u00e9tait pas encore le leader du juda\u00efsme s\u00e9farade \u2013 \u00e9tait responsable du tribunal rabbinique. Lorsque la famille est retourn\u00e9e en Isra\u00ebl (quand Adina n'avait que six ans), son p\u00e8re a exig\u00e9 qu'elle int\u00e8gre le r\u00e9seau scolaire orthodoxe ashk\u00e9naze Beit Yaakov. Un quota strict limitait le nombre d'\u00e9coli\u00e8res s\u00e9farades dans ces \u00e9coles \u00e9litistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l'\u00e2ge de 14 ans, la jeune fille a exprim\u00e9 son d\u00e9sir de devenir enseignante, mais l'\u00e9cole lui a impos\u00e9 un cursus d'\u00e9tudes de couturi\u00e8re. Une fois mari\u00e9e, elle a ouvert un atelier de confiserie. Cette exp\u00e9rience a renforc\u00e9 sa conviction : les femmes orthodoxes doivent pouvoir acc\u00e9der \u00e0 davantage d'opportunit\u00e9s et r\u00e9aliser leurs r\u00eaves ! Adina souhaitait \u00e9galement rapprocher les la\u00efcs et les religieux en Isra\u00ebl. Elle croyait qu'en aidant les ultra-orthodoxes \u00e0 devenir plus actifs dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 isra\u00e9lienne, par l'\u00e9tude et <a href=\"https:\/\/integraliah.com\/fr\/integraliah-hub-coworking-space\/\">travailler<\/a>, elle pourrait am\u00e9liorer leur image et leur qualit\u00e9 de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adina s'est alors lanc\u00e9e dans un combat fou : encourager les ultra-orthodoxes \u00e0 \u00e9tudier et leur permettre de s'int\u00e9grer dans le monde du travail. Elle \u00e9tait une b\u00eate de somme, travaillant jour et nuit pour atteindre son objectif, mettant les ultra-orthodoxes sur les rails des \u00e9tudes et les pr\u00e9parant au monde du travail. En 2001, elle a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re universit\u00e9 ultra-orthodoxe \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem, qui a la particularit\u00e9 de permettre aux hommes et aux femmes d'\u00e9tudier dans des classes s\u00e9par\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'universit\u00e9 qu'Adina a cr\u00e9\u00e9e a d\u00e9j\u00e0 transform\u00e9 le destin de milliers de femmes que l'orthodoxie confinait aux m\u00e9tiers manuels ou \u00e9ducatifs. L'universit\u00e9 forme d\u00e9sormais des sp\u00e9cialistes en gestion, des psychologues, des avocats, des informaticiens, des biologistes et des ing\u00e9nieurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2014, elle a remport\u00e9 le Prix Isra\u00ebl pour sa contribution \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 isra\u00e9lienne. Le Prix Isra\u00ebl est, depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950, la distinction la plus prestigieuse d\u00e9cern\u00e9e par l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl. Elle a \u00e9galement allum\u00e9 l'une des 12 bougies du Jour de l'Ind\u00e9pendance en 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#3 <strong>Golda Meir, le seul \u201c vrai homme \u201d de la politique isra\u00e9lienne<\/strong>s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 5 ans, elle jouait dans la boue des rues de Pinsk, en Russie. \u00c0 10 ans, elle servait les clients de l'\u00e9picerie de sa m\u00e8re \u00e0 Milwaukee, o\u00f9 la famille Mabovitch avait immigr\u00e9. \u00c0 15 ans, elle repassait des rideaux en dentelle dans une blanchisserie de Denver. Elle s'\u00e9tait enfuie de chez elle parce que ses parents refusaient de la laisser entrer au lyc\u00e9e. Selon eux, une fille n'a pas besoin d'\u00e9tudier. Une fille doit se marier. \u00c0 l'\u00e2ge de 70 ans, Mme Golda Meir a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9e par son parti, le Mapai, pour prendre en charge l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl. Voici, en quelques lignes, le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 du parcours exceptionnel de Golda Meir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Golda affiche une intransigeance absolue lorsqu'il s'agit de la d\u00e9fense d'Isra\u00ebl, approuvant les op\u00e9rations de repr\u00e9sailles lanc\u00e9es par les unit\u00e9s d'\u00e9lite de Tsahal dans les ann\u00e9es 1950. Vingt ans plus tard, elle restera fid\u00e8le \u00e0 cette ligne, organisant Tsahal dans l'\u00e9limination syst\u00e9matique de tous les auteurs de la prise d'otages aux Jeux olympiques de Munich en 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 1969, Levy Eschkol, Premier ministre de la Guerre des Six Jours, d\u00e9c\u00e8de subitement, laissant le Parti travailliste en pleine division interne. Elle appara\u00eet rapidement comme la candidate du compromis. Golda devient la premi\u00e8re femme Premier ministre de l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl, la troisi\u00e8me au monde,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">montrant ainsi le caract\u00e8re pr\u00e9curseur du jeune \u00c9tat. Elle est compar\u00e9e \u00e0 Indira Gandhi, qui \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque dirigeait l'Inde d'une main de fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Golda Meir a \u00e9t\u00e9 contrainte de d\u00e9missionner apr\u00e8s la guerre du Kippour, tenue responsable de ne pas avoir pris au s\u00e9rieux l'information selon laquelle \u201c la guerre est imminente \u201d et d'avoir fait courir de tr\u00e8s graves risques \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Golda Meir \u00e9tait surnomm\u00e9e la \u201c Dame de fer \u201d de la politique isra\u00e9lienne, avant que ce surnom ne soit attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Margaret Thatcher en Angleterre. Ben Gourion aimait dire que Golda \u00e9tait \u201c le meilleur homme \u201d de son gouvernement, tandis que la presse isra\u00e9lienne la d\u00e9signait comme \u201c la grand-m\u00e8re d'Isra\u00ebl \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#4 <strong>Neta, chanteuse et ambassadrice d'Isra\u00ebl dans le monde<\/strong>d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 travers ses chansons, ses tenues et ses performances, toutes plus originales les unes que les autres, Neta promeut l'\u00e9mancipation de la femme, quels que soient son physique, ses go\u00fbts vestimentaires ou ses origines, et contribue \u00e0 moderniser l'image d'Isra\u00ebl dans le monde entier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La carri\u00e8re de Neta Barzilai a explos\u00e9 lorsqu'elle a d\u00e9croch\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re place en f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 Rising Star, le t\u00e9l\u00e9-crochet le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre du pays. Ce succ\u00e8s l'a automatiquement qualifi\u00e9e pour repr\u00e9senter Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 l'Eurovision, o\u00f9 elle a remport\u00e9 la victoire ! Forte de son succ\u00e8s, Neta a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie pour chanter lors de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du 70e anniversaire de l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl au Mont Herzl \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis sa victoire \u00e0 l'Eurovision, elle s'est produite partout dans le monde et est devenue l'une des ambassadrices les plus influentes de l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neta a \u00e9galement donn\u00e9 le ton en scandant devant des millions de t\u00e9l\u00e9spectateurs quelques instants apr\u00e8s sa victoire \u00e0 l'Eurovision : J'aime mon pays ; J'aime Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#5 <strong>Naomi Shemer, compositrice de l'une des plus grandes chansons isra\u00e9liennes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naomi est n\u00e9e en 1930 et a grandi dans la r\u00e9gion du lac de Tib\u00e9riade en Isra\u00ebl. Elle a commenc\u00e9 les cours de piano tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t et a \u00e9crit ses premi\u00e8res chansons d\u00e8s 1950. Naomi Shemer a cr\u00e9\u00e9 de nombreux titres phares d'Isra\u00ebl, mais sa chanson la plus embl\u00e9matique reste \u201c Yerushalaim shel zahav \u201d (J\u00e9rusalem d'or).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette chanson ultra-populaire est devenue un deuxi\u00e8me hymne officieux de l'\u00c9tat d'Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l'origine, Naomi Shemer l'a \u00e9crite pour un festival de la chanson \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem en avril 1967, \u00e0 la demande de Teddy Kolek, maire de la ville. Deux mois plus tard, la guerre des Six Jours \u00e9clatait, apr\u00e8s laquelle J\u00e9rusalem fut r\u00e9unifi\u00e9e. Naomi a alors d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'ajouter une nouvelle strophe qui \u00e9voque le retour des Juifs dans la vieille ville.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naomi Shemer est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e en 2004 \u00e0 Tel Aviv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our goal at Integraliah is for you to learn Hebrew while connecting to Israeli culture. On the occasion of the 31st anniversary of the death of Golda Meir, we would like to give you a taste of what you will learn in our Hebrew course. We invite you to discover the story of five exceptional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/single-blog.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Five Israeli Women that Shaped the Face of our Country - Integraliah<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/integraliah.com\/fr\/five-israeli-women-that-shaped-the-face-of-our-country\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Five Israeli Women that Shaped the Face of our Country - Integraliah\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Our goal at Integraliah is for you to learn Hebrew while connecting to Israeli culture. On the occasion of the 31st anniversary of the death of Golda Meir, we would like to give you a taste of what you will learn in our Hebrew course. 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